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For other uses see Jihad .
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Jihad an Islamic term is a religious duty of Muslims. In Arabic the word jihad is a noun meaning "the struggle." Jihad appears frequently in the Quran and common usage as the idiomatic expression "striving in the way of Allah ". 1 2 A person engaged in jihad is called a mujahid the plural is mujahideen.
A minority among the Sunni scholars sometimes refer to this duty as the sixth pillar of Islam though it occupies no such official status. 3 In Twelver Shia Islam however Jihad is one of the 11 Practices of the Religion.
According to scholar John Esposito Jihad requires Muslims to "struggle in the way of God" or "to struggle to improve ones self and/or society." 3 4 Jihad is directed against Satans inducements aspects of ones own self or against a visible enemy. 1 5 The four major categories of jihad that are recognized are Jihad against ones self Jihad of the tongue Jihad of the hand and Jihad of the sword . 5 Islamic military jurisprudence focuses on regulating the conditions and practice of Jihad as-sayf the only form of warfare permissible under Islamic law and thus the term Jihad is usually used in fiqh manuals in reference to military combat. 6 5
